Few achievements in life match the feeling of being awarded a PhD. Doctorates represent the pinnacle of academic achievement, and require years of diligent study. Germany takes research extremely seriously, and is one of the world's most popular places to study for a PhD.
But what kinds of PhDs are available, how much do they cost, and how do students apply? Let's find out.
Germany is widely seen as one of the best places to apply for a PhD worldwide
That's no surprise, as Germany invented the elite academic qualification in the 19th century. German PhDs cover subjects as diverse as history, linguistics, and philosophy, or chemistry, molecular biology, earth sciences, and computer science. Most lower level degree subjects can be extended to PhD level if the student desires.
There are two main ways to complete a PhD in Germany. Most commonly, students form a working relationship with a specific Doktorvater or Doktormutter (or "supervisor" in English). They then work on a tightly focused research task for the duration of their studies. The fruits of their research are then presented as a "Doctorate" (Doktorarbeit), which tends to resemble a medium-length book.
In some cases, "Structured" PhDs are available. These resemble taught Masters degrees, but still have a strong research element. They may also focus on work placements.
Generally speaking, a standard research-oriented German PhD can be obtained within 4-6 years. This depends on the speed of work and personal factors such as having children. Structured PhDs can often be completed in just 3 years, but this varies from course to course.
Structured PhDs often cater for international students, with English instruction regularly available.
Germany welcomes international students to study at PhD level
Many programs offer specialist assistance and course structures for overseas students.
DAAD (the German Academic Exchange Service) brings together grants for international students at leading German universities. It's the best place to start hunting for scholarships to help fund your studies.
PhDs at German universities are usually available free of charge for international students, but living costs aren't covered. However, scholarships can cover (most) living costs. DAAD grants will average around €1,250 per month, and additional funding sources may be available.
A group of prominent universities has also created a funding scheme called StipendumPlus, which also distributes grants. Between them, finding financial help should be possible.
It's not routine for international students to be paid for their work, but it is definitely possible to find paid research posts. Enquire with your supervisor, and you may find that paid jobs are available to supplement your income.
If you require extra help, your supervisor can apply to the "Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst" for a €1,250 per month grant.
Finding the right PhD is essential
It's a huge investment of both finances and time, and could change the course of your life. So here are some useful tips to remember.
Take time to find a supervisor you want to work with. Balance their academic record with the resources of the university, and have a chat with them if possible. You need to be able to work with them on a daily basis.
Before you can commence PhD studies in Germany, you'll need to complete an application process
If you want to study a traditional PhD, applications must be carried out via your prospective supervisor.
When you contact the supervisor and they agree to work with you, they will forward your request to the relevant faculty. The department will then request:
Structured PhDs don't require students to go through a supervisor. In those cases, applications are made via the faculty, and will usually be carried out via online portals.
To study a PhD in Germany requirements generally demand a Masters degree (8 semesters of university education), as well as English and German proficiency to a high level.
IELTS English certificates, and TestDaf German courses are advisable for all doctoral candidates, even if they have studied those languages in the past.
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